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What the Strike Down of Chevron May Mean to HIM Professionals

Practice Management

What the Strike Down of Chevron May Mean to HIM Professionals

On June 28, 2024, the Supreme Court unraveled the 1984 decision, Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council . Chevron has been one of the most cited decisions in American law, because it granted significant power to executive agencies that regulate many aspects of our lives and work.

 

The ruling will make it easier to challenge regulations across an array of issues, like keeping the water clean; ensuring car seats are safe; what Medicare covers including NCDs/LCDs; and CMS regulations related to billing and coding (for example, will we use ICD-9, 10, or 11?); and even regulations associated with EMTALA and utilization review.

 

Legal challenges at the federal levels have relied on Chevron to defuse and dismiss challenges to regulations. According to the precedent established in Chevron , if part of the law Congress wrote empowering a regulatory agency is ambiguous but the agency's interpretation is reasonable, judges should defer to the agency.

 

In the New York Times, “How a Fishery Case Fits Into a Long-Game Effort to Sap Regulation of Business” (Jan. 17, 2024), Charlie Savage contends that critics of Chevron argue that Chevron put too much power in the executive branch when the courts are competent to interpret the law. Proponents of Chevron counter-argue that without the agency regulations, courts may be overwhelmed and dealing with many technical issues that judges have no expertise to resolve.

 

We need to make a distinction here. Regulations and interpretations are issued after a law or statute is established. Chevron and its demise are placing regulations and interpretations on the table for questioning.

 

Savage also reported that Jody Freeman, a Harvard University law professor who specializes in administrative and environmental law, suggested that the rejection of Chevron will create “a free-for-all for judges to dig into the nitty-gritty of everything agencies are doing” and “an invitation for interest-group lawyers to try to tie up the agencies in legal knots.” In contrast, as reported by the HFMA in “Supreme Court Ruling on Chevron Makes Regulations in Healthcare More Vulnerable to Legal Challenges” (June 28, 2024), the Supreme Court stated that “Courts must exercise their independent judgment in deciding whether an agency has acted within its statutory authority. Courts are in a better position to resolve the statutory ambiguities.”

 

One, if not the first, lawsuit was filed in Mississippi, with the court issuing an injunction on July 3, 2024, on behalf of 15 state Medicaid agencies, preventing the Biden administration from enforcing regulations expanding anti-discrimination gender specific protections in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). In this case, reported by the HFMA in “HHS Issues Regulations to Strengthen Anti-Discriminatory Protections in Healthcare” (July 3, 2024), according to the Mississippi Court, the relevant laws—that is, statutes-are Title 9 and ACA, and neither mentions gender identity.

 

Many agency interpretations could now be out and the courts' decisions in , which means that statutes trump regulations.

 

Although not identical in nature, think about what has happened in the courts since Roe v. Wade was struck down. Now, let's consider what the Chevron decision might mean for coding and billing guidelines that will be on the table for payors to litigate the validity of, and how the guidelines may be modified in each court. Could we end up with guidelines that are not just payor-specific but also state-specific?

 

John Hall, MD, JD, mentioned on Monitor Mondays (July 8, 2024) that we have 94 federal courts. Texas has four and could therefore have four different decisions on the same agency interpretation!

 

The HFMA shared a perspective that hospitals that disagree with CMS's application of the market basket in its annual determination of Medicare payments or covers an item or service or not, could litigate and successfully argue the issue. Specifically, “There are thousands of pages of regulations and manuals containing agency interpretations of program requirements such as coding for risk adjustment payments, qualifications for disproportionate share hospital payments, [and] supervision requirements for use of physician extenders…”

 

Within those stacks of agency interpretations and regulations will be such regulations as: coding for HCCs, what should be in an H&P, the two-midnight rule, billing rules, E/M requirements, what constitutes a complete record, and so on. Consider just the HIPAA requirements: Could attorneys litigate what is PHI and what isn't, how much/if anything should be charged for copies, and who may access the record?

 

One suggestion offers a workaround employing negotiated rulemaking, a process in which a committee of agency experts and affected parties collaborates on proposed regulations. Reported by Polsinelli in “The Chevron Doctrine: Part 1” (May 2, 2024), “Although negotiated rulemaking is not appropriate for all regulations, advocates have felt the approach can speed rule development, reduce litigation, and generate more creative and effective regulatory solutions. Congress has sometimes mandated negotiated rulemaking and established specific procedures and time frames to follow.”

 

What actions should revenue cycle and health information professionals take?

 

•  Review and understand the rationale behind the specific coding rules that you may be using for appeals. Just citing agency interpretations and guidelines may no longer suffice and could be ignored by payors. If an appeal goes up the judiciary ladder, coding professionals and denial specialists will need to argue the rationale of the code applied and even the sequencing of those codes.

 

•  Capture and compare the application of payor coverage rules for similar patient populations and the payors' billing requirements to define the industry norm. Again, payors may use the demise of the Chevron rule to apply their own billing requirements. In court, you and your attorneys may need to promote the norm and defend against using willy-nilly requirements. Imagine having to configure the organization or practice's billing and edit systems for each payor's application of the standard billing rules. Explaining the technological challenges to modify a billing system to accommodate rules that are unique to a single payor for the services being claimed for a commercial, Medicaid, or Medicare patient will benefit the organization should it file or be a party to a lawsuit against a payor.

 

•  Proactively convene functional leaders from those functions that are substantially governed by agency regulations. This includes finance, compliance, health information, coding, revenue cycle, payroll, pharmacy, laboratory, etc. to forecast “what ifs” and identify issues that are controversial or vulnerable to litigation because they are based on agency rules, such as whether and how much you can charge for copies of records, what is considered protected health information for individuals participating in research, what needs to be in a compliance plan, what if the inpatient only list is challenged, should CISA requirements for cybersecurity protections be followed, and so forth. Any of these are possibilities now that Chevron has been struck down.

 

•  Communicate with our congressional members and encourage the use of negotiated rulemaking. And, at the same time, urge each of our professional associations (such as AHIMA, HFMA, HIMSS, and AAPC) to get involved now .

 

I encourage readers to review the articles that are cited herein as these authors provide great insight; another recommended resource is Adam Liptak's “The Morning: A Landmark Case. How Much Power Should Government Experts Have?” (Jan. 18, 2024) in the New York Times.

 

To all of us: Be ready for the litigation heyday ahead.

 

Rose T. Dunn, MBA, RHIA, CPA, FACHE, FHFMA, FAHIMA, is a past president and former interim CEO of AHIMA and recipient of AHIMA's distinguished member and legacy awards. She is Chief Operating Officer of First Class Solutions, Inc. sm , a healthcare consulting firm based in St. Louis, MO. First Class Solutions, Inc. sm assists healthcare organizations to enhance or transform their HIM operations, facility and physician office documentation, and revenue cycle performance, and provides coding support and coding audits. Rose is also the author of Libman's HCC Fundamentals and Auditing programs.

 

(Note: This article was first published July 8, 2024, and is being made available with permission to republish granted by ICD10monitor.)

 

 

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Practice Management

Empowering Your Front Desk Staff to Improve your Revenue Cycle Management :The front desk is the first point of contact for patients visiting a healthcare facility, and it plays a crucial role in revenue cycle management. The front desk staff is responsible for managing patient registration, insurance verification, appointment scheduling, and collecting payments. Empowering your front desk staff can significantly improve your revenue cycle management and boost your bottom line.  
Spotlight on Fraud, Waste, and Abuse - March 2023

Practice Management

Spotlight on Fraud, Waste, and Abuse - March 2023:The following cases highlight fraud, waste, and abuse (FWA) and serve as a reminder to uphold high ethical standards when providing patient care and services.
12 Tips to Grow Your Medical Practice in 2023

Practice Management

12 Tips to Grow Your Medical Practice in 2023:Do you want to expand your medical practice without collapsing? Here are 12 realistic tips to safely and effectively grow your practice in 2020.
The Importance of Selecting the Right EMR and PMS Software

Practice Management

The Importance of Selecting the Right EMR and PMS Software:As a healthcare organization, choosing the right electronic medical record (EMR) and practice management system (PMS) software is critical for the success and efficiency of your operations. The right software can streamline patient care, improve data accuracy and security, and reduce administrative burdens, among other benefits.
Recent False Claims Act Cases Shed Light Upon Compliance Scrutiny

Practice Management

Recent False Claims Act Cases Shed Light Upon Compliance Scrutiny:As touted by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and Members of Congress alike, including Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA), the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729, et seq. (FCA) is the federal government's primary tool to root out fraud and put money back into the federal fisc.
Consensus Cloud Solutions to Showcase Healthcare Technologies  that Enhance Interoperability at ViVE 2023

Practice Management

Consensus Cloud Solutions to Showcase Healthcare Technologies  that Enhance Interoperability at ViVE 2023:Consensus Cloud Solutions, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCSI), the world's largest provider of digital cloud fax technology, will be exhibiting their suite of interoperability solutions at the ViVE 2023 conference in Nashville, Tennessee, March 26-29th.  Booth #1020
Five Steps for Provider Credentialing

Practice Management

Five Steps for Provider Credentialing:When your facility hires a new provider, they need to be credentialed. This process allows you to verify their qualifications and skills while getting them approved to work with insurance companies. Medical credentialing is a time-consuming and expensive process that requires complete concentration by a professional. This can use a lot of your facility's resources. 
5 Ways in Which Healthcare Data Visualization is Transforming Healthcare

Practice Management

5 Ways in Which Healthcare Data Visualization is Transforming Healthcare:
Healthcare providers can make use of data visualization to assess past and present medical history and improve patient care and outcome.


The End of the PHE: Medicaid, The Omnibus Act, and What Hasn't Been Addressed

Practice Management

The End of the PHE: Medicaid, The Omnibus Act, and What Hasn't Been Addressed:An announcement on January 30th, by the OMB (Office of Management and Budget) and the White House, stated that they plan to end the COVID-19 national emergency and public health emergency on May 11th.
Three Ways Medical Groups Can Leverage Digital Self-Service to Drive Growth

Practice Management

Three Ways Medical Groups Can Leverage Digital Self-Service to Drive Growth:That medical groups and health systems share a commitment to delivering convenient, high-quality care in their respective settings isn't surprising. What is eye-opening, however, is that despite their differences in size and structure, they face many of the same business challenges, such as fending off market competitors, acquiring and retaining patients to ensure profitability, and working to alleviate staff burnout. 
How to Establish a Business Plan for Your Holistic Practice

Practice Management

How to Establish a Business Plan for Your Holistic Practice:Opening a holistic healthcare practice is an exciting and challenging endeavor that requires careful planning and preparation. A business plan is a critical tool that can help you to organize your thoughts, set goals, and create a roadmap for your practice's success. In this article, we discuss steps on how to establish a business plan for your holistic practice and provide some tips for creating a successful strategy.
CMS Announces Increase in 2023 in Organizations and Beneficiaries Benefiting from Coordinated Care in Accountable Care Relationships

Practice Management

CMS Announces Increase in 2023 in Organizations and Beneficiaries Benefiting from Coordinated Care in Accountable Care Relationships:Recently, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced that three innovative accountable care initiatives will grow and provide higher quality care to more than 13.2 million people with Medicare in 2023. More than 700,000 healthcare providers and organizations will participate in at least one of the three initiatives – the Medicare Shared Savings Program and two CMS Innovation Center accountable care model tests. This growth furthers achieving CMS's goal of having all people with Traditional Medicare in an accountable care relationship with their healthcare provider by 2030. 
Investigation of Hospitals Hiding Prices from Patients

Practice Management

Investigation of Hospitals Hiding Prices from Patients:The Federal Hospital Price Transparency Rule helps Americans know the cost of a hospital item or service before receiving it.  Compliance is mandatory.  The regulation aims to improve the affordability of hospital care by promoting price competition. However, a low compliance level among hospitals would compromise the operational effectiveness of this regulation.
Top 5 Ways Medical Practices Can Combat Inflation

Practice Management

Top 5 Ways Medical Practices Can Combat Inflation:Inflation is affecting many businesses, but medical practices tend to see the brunt of its effects because of the way payment structures are dictated by insurance payers. Even more worrisome, practices have had to increase wages significantly and the current job market tends to favor employees.
Burnout: A Threat to Our Healthcare System?

Practice Management

Burnout: A Threat to Our Healthcare System?:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated a substantial increase in the workload of healthcare professionals, leading to physical and mental distress among professionals, resulting in an increase in burnout.
Digital Collaboration Maximizes Efficiency and Reduces Congestion in the Healthcare Ecosystem

Practice Management

Digital Collaboration Maximizes Efficiency and Reduces Congestion in the Healthcare Ecosystem:CBS reports that excessive financial waste in our healthcare system ranges from $760 billion to $935 billion per year - that's more than the total for annual federal defense spending. The largest portion of this excess is administrative activities; these tasks required of physicians, their staff, and nurses are complex and devour so much time that they waste hundreds of billions of dollars each year. 
Expanded Authorization for Non-Physician Providers

Practice Management

Expanded Authorization for Non-Physician Providers:The opportunities for non-physician providers (NPP) in radiology practices continue to expand. Recently, the American College of Radiology (ACR) revised its CT and MRI facility accreditation criteria to allow NPPs to be able to directly supervise contrast administration.
12 Tips to Grow Your Medical Practice in 2023

Practice Management

12 Tips to Grow Your Medical Practice in 2023:If you are a private practice owner, you may feel it is difficult to attract new patients. By setting a plan and sticking to it, you can set yourself up for success in 2023. Medical practice management requires the collaborative efforts of all team members.
Value-Based Healthcare and Evidence-Based Treatment Rank Highest

Practice Management

Value-Based Healthcare and Evidence-Based Treatment Rank Highest:Recently, we conducted a new survey on our LinkedIn asking respondents the question, "What do you see as the most important factor that technology solutions can solve to fuel better and more efficient patient outcomes in 2023?" 
To Benchmark or Not to Benchmark: That Is the Question

Practice Management

To Benchmark or Not to Benchmark: That Is the Question:Curiosity is both a blessing and a curse. Wanting to know how you compare to other practices can be so enticing that we are sometimes willing to accept assumptions that are not always supported by the evidence.
Demonstrating the Value of Patient Access in Challenging Times

Practice Management

Demonstrating the Value of Patient Access in Challenging Times:It's no secret: Most healthcare organizations today are facing significant financial challenges - and there isn't a single culprit to blame. Instead, it's a perfect storm of circumstances fueled by an uncertain economy, workforce shortages, ongoing COVID-19 recovery, and public health issues such as RSV and the impact of delayed care. 
The Medicare Advantage Bill Was Crafted in Response to Complaints

Practice Management

The Medicare Advantage Bill Was Crafted in Response to Complaints:U.S. Senators Maggie Hassan, D-N.H., and Dr. Roger Marshall, R-Kansas, have introduced the bipartisan Medicare & You Handbook Improvement Act, which is meant to ensure that when seniors assess their Medicare coverage options, they have the necessary information they need on health plan choices and supplemental insurance.
The Advance Beneficiary Notice or ABN

Practice Management

The Advance Beneficiary Notice or ABN:An Advance Beneficiary Notice (ABN) is one of the most abused forms at a patient visit.  When we, as a patient, seek medical care, that medical care is a covered or a non-covered service.  If it is a covered service, that means that the service is payable by our health benefit plans. 
The U.S. Government and Cooperation Credit in Relation to the False Claims Act and the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute

Practice Management

The U.S. Government and Cooperation Credit in Relation to the False Claims Act and the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute:Those familiar with the healthcare industry have no doubt learned that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General (HHS-OIG) and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) have identified both the False Claims Act (FCA) and the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) as laws critical to thwarting fraud, waste, and abuse. Often, these two laws come together in a FCA case. 
Problems Addressed Regardless of the Place or Type of Service

Practice Management

Problems Addressed Regardless of the Place or Type of Service:I can't remember if I've recently covered this topic, so one of us (or maybe both of us) may have deja vu today. We're still getting inundated with questions about Problems Addressed regardless of the place or type of service, so whether I've already covered this topic or not, it bears addressing it again.
What Is a Patient Care Policy? (+ How to Write One)

Practice Management

What Is a Patient Care Policy? (+ How to Write One):If you've never heard of a patient care policy before, then you might ask yourself if your medical practice needs another piece of business writing. The answer is yes; it's a good rule of thumb for your practice to have such a policy.
DME Billing Coverage Limitations and Exclusions

Practice Management

DME Billing Coverage Limitations and Exclusions :Durable medical equipment (DME) billing is an essential aspect of revenue cycle management in the healthcare industry. As the industry evolves, DME has grown in importance and now serves millions of patients. However, managing the billing processes and reimbursements associated with DME can be time consuming and labor intensive.
How to Reduce Patient Collections in a Medical Office

Practice Management

How to Reduce Patient Collections in a Medical Office:Putting on the dreaded collections hat is a necessary evil that every medical office can relate to. You can run a tight ship, doing your very best to collect payments at the time of service, but because of the complexities of medical billing and emergent situations, there will always be times when collecting every patient's payment is an impossibility.
What Are SOAP Notes? (And Why They’re Important for Insurance Billing)

Practice Management

What Are SOAP Notes? (And Why They’re Important for Insurance Billing):Healthcare documentation is a critical component for your holistic practice, both in terms of delivering great care to your patients and for insurance billing purposes-not to mention the importance of having some form of documentation in the event of a legal situation.
Let's Talk about Weed (As in the Doctor)

Practice Management

Let's Talk about Weed (As in the Doctor):Early September marked my 33rd year on the administrative side of healthcare. This followed my 56th birthday in April when I officially entered the realm of "pushing 60."
DENIED! CO 22-This care may be covered by another payer, per coordination of benefits?!?

Practice Management

DENIED! CO 22-This care may be covered by another payer, per coordination of benefits?!?:Coordination of benefits can be described as when two or more insurance plans work together to determine the order of coverage liability. This coordination between plans exists to avoid duplicate payment, which could result in a provider receiving payment in excess of the services provided and the total amount billed. 
A Cautionary Tale about Personal Injury Protection, Health Insurance...and Lawsuits

Practice Management

A Cautionary Tale about Personal Injury Protection, Health Insurance...and Lawsuits:Medical providers who treat individuals for injuries sustained in motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are frequently tasked with identifying the proper insurance carrier that is responsible for payment.
Medicare Patients and Stark Law: What You Need to Know

Practice Management

Medicare Patients and Stark Law: What You Need to Know:If your medical practice treats patients covered by Medicare, then you already know that there are countless regulations you need to closely adhere to in order to avoid any issues with the government.
Implications of the Federal Trade Commission's Report on Artificial Intelligence In the Healthcare Sector

Practice Management

Implications of the Federal Trade Commission's Report on Artificial Intelligence In the Healthcare Sector:No doubt, most people have heard of the phrase, "You are what you eat," which means that what we eat and our lifestyle choices impact our health and well-being. 
Patients Charged Expensive Out-of-Pocket Fees as Doctors Stop Bulk Billing

Practice Management

Patients Charged Expensive Out-of-Pocket Fees as Doctors Stop Bulk Billing:Perth mother Jayme Lees has been bulk billed by her General Practitioner (GP) for the past six years, but when she took her newborn son for a check-up in June, she was hit with a hefty, unexpected fee. 
Telehealth Here to Stay, But Technology Needs to Catch Up

Practice Management

Telehealth Here to Stay, But Technology Needs to Catch Up:Patient care in a post-COVID-19 world is significantly different for providers who are embracing virtual care options, such as telehealth and asynchronous texting.

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